Autism Spectrum Disorder in Women

Key things to know What the evidence shows
How common is it? GBD 2021: 0.51% age-standardised
Is it more common among women? Diagnosed substantially less often than males; true sex difference likely smaller than historical clinical ratios
Are women at higher risk? Under-recognition is a major issue
How much higher is the risk? GBD: 508.1/100k
How often can it be missed? Very high
Does it show up differently among women? Strong Yes
How might it look different? More masking/camouflaging, socially learned compensation, internalizing symptoms and subtler repetitive interests can obscure recognition
What commonly occurs alongside it? ADHD; anxiety; depression; eating disorders
What can it be confused with? ADHD; social anxiety; BPD; trauma/PTSD; eating disorders
Common screening tool AQ-10 / AQ
Separate screening tool for women None specifically validated just for women
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