Bipolar Disorder vs. Major Depressive Disorder
Key Differences
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Unusually elevated mood or energy
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Explanation: Periods of unusually high energy or elevated mood point much more toward bipolar disorder than major depressive disorder.
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Grandiosity / inflated self-confidence
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Explanation: A marked burst of unusually high confidence or feeling more powerful than usual is much more characteristic of bipolar mood episodes.
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Inflated self-worth
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Explanation: Feeling unusually important or capable during a distinct mood shift is a stronger sign of bipolar disorder than major depressive disorder.
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Racing thoughts
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Major Depressive Disorder:
Associated
Explanation: Fast, hard-to-slow thoughts are more central in bipolar disorder, especially during energized or agitated episodes.
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Persistent low mood
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Major Depressive Disorder:
Core
Explanation: Low mood can be severe in both, but in bipolar disorder it tends to come in episodes, while in major depressive disorder it is more persistently present.
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Key Similarities
| Symptom | How it is similar |
|---|---|
| Loss of interest or enjoyment | Both conditions can involve a major drop in interest, pleasure, or motivation. |
| Hopelessness | Both conditions can include painful feelings that things will not improve. |
| Suicidal thoughts or attempts | Both conditions can involve serious suicidal thoughts or behavior and deserve prompt support. |
| Low energy or fatigue | Both conditions can make energy feel very low and daily effort feel unusually difficult. |
| Mental Health Making It Difficult to Work, Study, or Get Things Done | Both conditions can significantly interfere with responsibilities, productivity, and daily functioning. |