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How common is it?
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Not established sex-specific pooled prevalence
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Is it more common among women?
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Current global meta-analysis found no overall gender difference
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Are women at higher risk?
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Risk driven much more by trauma type/cumulative exposure than sex itself
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How much higher is the risk?
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Global meta-analysis: no significant gender difference
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How often can it be missed?
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Very high; may be labelled PTSD, depression, BPD or anxiety
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Does it show up differently among women?
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Somewhat
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How might it look different?
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PTSD symptoms plus chronic shame/negative self-beliefs, emotion-regulation problems and relationship difficulties
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What commonly occurs alongside it?
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Depression; anxiety; dissociation; substance use
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What can it be confused with?
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PTSD; BPD; depression; dissociative disorders
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Common screening tool
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International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ)
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Separate screening tool for women
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None
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