Major Depressive Disorder vs. Bipolar Disorder
Key Differences
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Unusually elevated mood or energy
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Explanation: A noticeable surge in mood or energy is much more suggestive of bipolar disorder than major depressive disorder.
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Grandiosity / inflated self-confidence
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Explanation: Feeling unusually powerful, certain, or capable beyond one’s usual self is a key bipolar feature and is not typical of major depression.
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Inflated self-worth
Major Depressive Disorder:
Not Characteristic
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Explanation: Bipolar disorder may involve episodes of unusually high self-worth, while major depression is more associated with lowered self-view.
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Racing thoughts
Major Depressive Disorder:
Associated
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Explanation: Fast, hard-to-slow thoughts are much more central to bipolar mood episodes than to major depression.
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Mood swings
Major Depressive Disorder:
Associated
Bipolar Disorder:
Core
Explanation: Bipolar disorder is more likely to involve pronounced shifts in mood state, whereas major depression is more defined by sustained depressive symptoms.
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Key Similarities
| Symptom | How it is similar |
|---|---|
| Persistent low mood | Both conditions can involve intense low mood that feels difficult to shake. |
| Loss of interest or enjoyment | In both, a person may lose interest in activities, relationships, or goals that usually matter to them. |
| Hopelessness | Both can involve a painful sense that things will not improve. |
| Suicidal thoughts or attempts | Both conditions can involve suicidal thoughts or behavior and warrant prompt support. |
| Low energy or fatigue | Both can leave a person feeling deeply drained, slowed down, or unable to manage normal demands. |